Jami'an tsarin mulki a duk faɗin ƙasar suna ƙara dogara ne akan fasahohin tsauraran bincike—na'urorin karantun lambar mota (automated license plate readers)(ALPR),na'urorin simulacin tashar waya (cell-site simulators),dagano fuska (facial recognition),kamar yadda aka ambata. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaraƙuraɗi a wasu al'ummomi, inda mutane suke damuwa game da barazanar da wannan fasahohi ke haifarwa ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yancinmu.
Wasu jami'ai suna amsa damuwaɗi ne ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ɓacin abin da suke yi. Ƙungiyoyin 'yan sanda suna gaya wa jami'an su kada su zayyana ALPRs lokacin da suke damƙar motoci, kuma suna ɓacin amfani da ALPRs don su guje wa buƙatun jama'a don samun bayanin abin da suke yi. Ƙoƙarin ɓacin amfani da fasahohin tsauraran bincike waɗanda mutane ba su so ba, ba sabon abu ba ne a tsarin mulki—jami'an 'yan sanda sun saba da haka shekaru da dama—amma hakan ya kasance da kyau yanzu kamar yadda yake shekaru 20 da suka wuce.
Waɗannan ayyukan suna hana jama'a su san yadda hukumance suke kashe kuɗin da aka biya su don amfani da fasahar tsaro, kuma suna hana su su tambaye su kuma su mayar da su da alhakin. Wannan yana da damuwa sosai, musamman idan wasu biranen suna sanya yarjejeniyoyi da kamfanin Flock da sauran kamfanonin da ke sayar da wannan fasahar, ba tare da wani kulawa daga jama'a ba. Haka kuma, wannan aikin ya lalata wajibcin bayyana abubuwa, yana ba 'yan sanda da masu gabatar da shari'a damar ɓoyewa ga alkalan, kuma yana hana wadanda ake tuhar da su su yi rashin amana ga amfani da bayanai da aka samu ta amfani da wannan fasahar.
404 Media kwanan nanya bayyanacewa a cikin dokokin amfani da kamfanin Flock, wani gundun a jihar Iowa ya ummaci 'yan sanda su ɓoyewa amfani da wannan fasahar lokacin da suke damƙa mutane:"KAR KU BAYANA AMFANI DA WANNAN FASHAR GA WANDAN DAKE CIKIN MOTAR," inuwa ta ce. "KAR KU BAYANA AMFANI DA WANNAN FASHAR A LABARIN KO KOKARIN DA KUKA KIRKIRA, KUDUWA KAN SAURAN LOKACI." Idan 'yan sanda suke rubuta rahoton game da wani lamari, an ummace su su ce sun amfani da "kayan aikin gundun" a lokacin da suke damƙa mutane, maimai da bayyana cewa sun amfani da wannan fasahar.
A Houston, 'yan sanda ma an ummace susuna bayyana abubuwa cikin ɓatagame da dalilin da yasa suke amfani da wannan fasahar, domin bayanai da suke nemawa a cikin tsarin sarƙaƙin kamfanin Flock na iya samuwa ta hanyar neman bayanai daga jama'a.
Akwai ƙarfi da ke ƙaruwa a cikin jama'a game da barazuba da kameroji na ALPR ke haifarwa ga 'yancinmu, da kuma rahotannin 'yan sanda da ke cin amfani da wannan fasahar wajenkallon wadanda suka rabu da su.Wasu biranen sunasanya takarda a kan kamerojin.Wasu kuma sunadakatar daamfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na ALPR. Jihohin biyu sunkwanar da wani sabon shiri.Daga wannan yanayin bai rasa ga hukumance ba. Ƙirƙirar ɓoye cewa suna amfani da ALPRs daga kamfanonin kamar Flock da sauran hanyoyi ne don kaucewa bincike da illa ga tasiri.
Amma hukumance da kamfanonin da ke samar da kayan aikin su na tsarin da ke ɓata hankali ga mutane game da fasahar da ake amfani da ita don ganin su, ya faru shekaru da dama kafin matsalar Flock. Alal misal, kamfanin AT&T ya gina wani kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don ganin kiran waya ga 'yan sanda, wanda ake kira Hemisphere, a tsakiyar shekarun 2000, kumakamfanin ya buƙata hukumanceba su amfani da abuwabuwai da aka samu ta Hemisphere a kotu sai dai idan babu wani abu da za a amfani da shi. Idan an yi amfani da wani abu da aka samu ta Hemisphere, an buƙata 'yan sanda su sake samar da shi ta hanyar wata takarda, wata hanya da suka kiragyara.Mun kira shi "wanke abuwabuwai."
Haka kuma, 'yan sanda da masu gabatar da shaidu sun ɗauki matakai masu yawa don ɓoyewa daga jama'a da kotu game da amfani da su da kayan aikin da ake kira cell site simulators, kuma ana kiranta "stingrays." 'Yan sanda sun yi amfani da waɗannan kayan aiki, waɗanda ke sa wayoyi su haɗu da su maimaiki wayoyi, don ƙoƙarin gano inda ake nan mutane, don samun bayanai game da inda mutane ke nan ba tare da izila ba ta hanyarsamun bayanai ne ta hanyar ƙarya.Um order pen register na farko daga kotu. Order pen register na donani bayanin kiran, kuma 'yan sanda ba sa buƙatar nuna cewa suna da dalili mai ƙarfi don samun ɗaya.
A Baltimore, alal misal, ɗaya mai shari'a ya kammala cewa hukumance sun yi amfani da order pen register wanda ya kasancedon ɓayyawa a zahiri yadda suka yi amfani da "Stingray"ga kotu, wanda ya saba da alƙawwar bayanin da suka kamata, wanda ya haɗa da hukuncin sirri na 2015 wanda ya nuna cewa 'yan sanda suna buƙatar izinin shari'a don amfani da na'urar.
Hakan bai hana 'yan sanda ci gaba da ƙoƙarin ɓayyawa ga kotu da masu kare lafiya lokacin da suke amfani da "stingrays".Masu gabatar da shari'a sunyarda da yarjejeniyoyin laifidon ɓayyawa yadda suke amfani da "cell-site simulators" kuma sun isa har ma.lamuran da akaa maima bayyana bayanin yadda suke amfani da fasahar. Sojojin Amurka sunsauraron fayil sama da kilomita dari.don hana buƙatun bayanin jama'a.
Alhamdulillah, ƙaunar mu wajen bayyana yadda ake amfani da fasahar tsaro tana da ƙarfi, ko ma da ƙarfi fiye da ƙoƙarin jami'an tsaro na ɓoyewa. Muna aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki na sirri da ƙungiyoyin al'umma don ƙara fahimta game da kayan aiki na tsaro da ke barazana ga 'yancin ɗan adam, kuma muna ƙarfafawa masu tsari da 'yan majalisar domin su yi ƙarin aiki wajen hana bincike ba tare da izinin kotu ba da kuma dakatar da shi kafin ya fara.
Idan kuna son sanin ko 'yan sandan ku na gida suna da kwantiragi don ALPRS ko sauran fasahar tsaro, za ku iya neman a EFF'sAtlas of Surveillance.